The growth, yield and quality of grapes and wine depend largely on the climate, which has been changing since the 1970s and 1980s.
Soil and climatic conditions are one of the major conditions for the development of agriculture. In our case, Spain is also part of the Mediterranean ecosystem, which is characterized by a double stress, drought, high temperatures and high levels of radiation in summer and low or very low temperatures in winter, along with significant oscillations of the same as a result of major climatic phenomena at the global level as the Oscillation (OAN), Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WMO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) (Lopez Bustins et al. 2013, 2014). (Terradas and Savé 1992; Lopez Bustins et al. 2014).
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